Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance Based on Symptoms and Test Results

Understanding Lactose Intolerance Diagnosis

Lactose Intolerance: Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body is unable to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products.

Diagnosis: The symptoms presented by the patient, including diarrhea, along with positive hydrogen breath tests, a positive stool test for reducing substances, low stool pH, and an increased stool osmotic gap, strongly suggest lactose intolerance as the likely diagnosis.

Hydrogen Breath Test: The hydrogen breath test is a common diagnostic test for lactose intolerance. It measures the amount of hydrogen in the patient's breath after consuming a lactose solution. Elevated levels of hydrogen indicate improper digestion of lactose, leading to its fermentation by bacteria in the colon.

Intestinal Biopsy: In some cases, an intestinal biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis of lactose intolerance. This procedure involves examining tissue samples from the intestine to measure lactase enzymes or its mRNA presence. However, it is not routinely performed due to the need for specialized laboratory equipment and expertise.

Management: Patients diagnosed with lactose intolerance can manage their symptoms by avoiding lactose-containing foods or opting for lactose-free alternatives. Lactase supplements are also available to help individuals digest lactose more effectively.