Understanding Work and Energy in Thermodynamics
What is the relationship between internal energy, heat transfer, and work in a thermodynamic process?
A) A system can do work and increase its internal energy provided heat is supplied.
B) Internal energy is directly proportional to the work done by the system.
C) Heat transfer always results in a decrease in internal energy.
D) Work done by the system is independent of the heat transfer.
Answer:
The correct answer is A) A system can do work and increase its internal energy provided heat is supplied.
Thermodynamics is a branch of science that deals with the relationship between heat, work, and energy. In a thermodynamic process, the internal energy of a system can increase if heat is supplied to the system, allowing the system to perform work. The relationship between internal energy, heat transfer, and work is governed by the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat transfer into the system minus the work done by the system.
When heat is added to a system, the internal energy of the system can increase. This increase in internal energy can be used to perform work by the system on its surroundings. The work done by the system is essential for various processes such as engine operation, refrigeration cycles, and chemical reactions.
Therefore, the correct relationship between internal energy, heat transfer, and work in a thermodynamic process is that a system can do work and increase its internal energy provided heat is supplied. This fundamental principle underpins the understanding of energy transfer and conversion in various thermodynamic systems.