Evolutionary Research on the Galapagos Islands
Evolutionary Research on the Galapagos Islands
1. Darwinâs Research:
Charles Darwin studied the similarities of the finches between the various islands of Galapagos. His study noted that the finches were similar from island to island making him wonder about the origin of this species as they perfectly adapted to their environment. His observations about the finches, the fastest evolving vertebrates, described their behavior and appearances which changed according to the changing environment, thus enabling quick adaptation. These findings were further elaborated in his book 'The Origin of Species', changing the concept of evolution.
2. Grantâs Research:
Peter Raymond Grant and Barbara Rosemary Grant, evolutionary biologists, studied Darwinâs finches by collecting blood samples and tagging them. They demonstrated that changes within species are observable within a single lifetime. Their study showed that populations can undergo rapid changes, contrary to what was believed from Darwinâs theory.
3. Species Evolution:
The Galapagos Island has been a key location for the study of evolution through natural selection. The island has witnessed the rise of 18 species evolved from Darwin's finches. Diversification in finches includes variations in the shape and size of beaks. These adaptations have led to finches with beaks suited for specific feeding habits such as catching insects or cracking nuts. Other species like the marine iguana and flightless cormorant have also undergone significant adaptations to survive in their environments.