DNA Damage: The Consequences of Sunbathing

What is the cell cycle checkpoint most likely to catch DNA damage that has occurred due to sunbathing?

A. G2 checkpoint

B. S checkpoint

C. Anaphase checkpoint

D. Metaphase checkpoint

E. Cytokinesis checkpoint

F. Prophase checkpoint

G. G1 checkpoint

H. Telophase checkpoint

Answer:

The cell cycle checkpoint most likely to catch DNA damage that has occurred due to sunbathing is the G1 checkpoint.

DNA damage is a serious consequence of sun exposure that can have harmful effects on our health. When our skin is exposed to UV radiation from the sun, it can cause damage to the DNA in our skin cells.

The G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle is crucial for evaluating the integrity of the DNA before the cell proceeds to the next phase, which is the S phase where DNA replication takes place. If any DNA damage is detected at the G1 checkpoint, the cell cycle is paused to allow for repair before continuing to the S phase. This is essential for preventing the transmission of damaged DNA to new cells.

DNA damage is not only a concern for skin cells but also has broader implications for human health. It plays a role in various conditions such as birth defects, cancer, premature aging syndromes, and neurologic disorders.

For example, mutations in genes involved in DNA repair pathways can lead to conditions like xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which is characterized by sensitivity to UV radiation, skin cancer predisposition, and neurological abnormalities. Understanding the importance of cell cycle checkpoints like the G1 checkpoint in detecting DNA damage is essential for maintaining the integrity of our genetic material and overall health.